It is difficult to determine overall effectiveness of school health services from this overview because the included SRs do not sufficiently cover the health areas most relevant for children and adolescents. This overview used the corrected covered area (CCA), a comprehensive and validated measure, to determine overlap [16]. The majority of SRs assessed educational, counseling, or preventive interventions, most of which were special research interventions rather than routinely-delivered school health services. Outcomes across studies differed, but the authors noted trends toward improvement in menstruation knowledge, management practices, psychosocial outcomes, and school attendance. It develops personal character, skills, attitude, and physique. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. PDF Maintaining Child Health Records in Child Care Settings Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. Because all three school health assessments are based on best practices and focus on known youth health risks, many of the assessment items are similar. None of the SRs evaluated comprehensive, multi-component, or multi-health area school health services. Finally, creative therapy interventions seem to be effective for indicated populations of school-age children, such as children with autism spectrum disorder [23,33]. Silver Spring, MD: Author. The gaps in the SR literature identified by this overview will inform the commissioning of new SRs by WHO to feed into evidence-based global recommendations. A SR on sexual health interventions for prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in sub-Saharan African countries found that educational interventions were successful in increasing knowledge and attitudes for participants (Table 3F) [35]. Evans and colleagues found no statistically significant difference in the proportion of students wearing spectacles at 14 months follow-up between vision screening with provision of ready-made spectacles and vision screening with provision of custom-made spectacles in a meta-analysis of three RCTs [21]. In 2000, WHO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Bank developed a partnership for Focusing Resources on Effective School Healtha FRESH Start approach [2]. This decision was made because of the vast numbers of reviews available and the increased rigor associated with the term systematic. Articles that received conflicting votes (ineligible vs. potentially or probably eligible) were discussed and consensus was reached. c. schools are access sites for students to receive increased and improved care, which might not be adequately received elsewhere d. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. The authors found improvements in classroom behavior, symptoms of ODD, and symptoms of SAD [33]. That marked the highest percentage since at least 1968, the earliest year for which the CDC has online records. For more detailed information on how to coordinate these assessments, contact the three organizations by going to the Web sites listed at the end of this document. Finally, overlap of primary trials between SRs can bias results of an overview [15]. The details of the quality appraisal of primary studies included in the SRs are given in Table B in S4 Appendix. Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. School Health Documentation - National Association of School Nurses - NASN II. Schools are essential for young people to acquireknowledge, socioemotional skills including selfregulationand resilience, and critical thinking skillsthat provide the foundation for a healthy future. There were no date restrictions on publication of included SRs. The school sends you reports that tell you how your child is doing in school and what the school is doing for him. PRISMA flowchart showing reasons for exclusion of potential systematic reviews. This was never required as consensus was always reached. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Due to the heterogeneity of the SRs included in this overview, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. These SRs must assess routine, multi-component school health services and the characteristics that make them effective, with special attention to content, quality, intensity, method of delivery, and cost. The remaining three SRs also assessed FRIENDS and PRP along with additional often-overlapping programs. SRs addressed various intervention types: universal interventions [19,24,28,32,34,39]; targeted interventions for military-connected children [29], children and adolescents at risk for depression and/or anxiety [28,34], refugee and war-traumatized youth [36], and children referred to therapy [33]; and indicated interventions for children and/or adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder [23], depression [24,28,39], or anxiety [24,34,39]. Healthy and Ready to Learn: School Nurses Improve Equity and Access

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